Unit-I
Simple microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, fluorescence and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), pH meter, absorption and emission spectroscopy.
Unit-II
Principle and law of absorption fluorimetry, Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry (visible, UV, infrared), Centrifugation, Cell Fractionation Techniques, Isolation of sub-cellular organelles and particles.
Unit-III
Introduction to the principle of chromatography. Paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography: silica and gel filtration, affinity and ion exchange chromatography, gas chromatography, HPLC.
Unit-IV
Introduction to electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel (native and SDS-PAGE), agarose-gel electrophoresis, immuno-electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, Western blotting. Introduction to Biosensors and Nanotechnology and their applications.